Peru: flag, capital, currency and history

Flag of Peru

Download the flag of Peru as a scalable SVG or as a PNG in three sizes. The flag emoji is 🇵🇪.

History of Peru

Peru was home to some of the oldest civilisations of the Americas, including Caral in the Norte Chico region, followed by cultures such as Chavin, Moche and Nazca. The Inca Empire, centred at Cusco, expanded rapidly in the 15th century. Spanish forces under Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa in 1532, and Lima became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Independence was proclaimed in 1821, and Spanish forces were defeated in 1824. Peru fought Chile in the War of the Pacific from 1879 to 1883. Civilian rule was restored in 1980 after a period of military government.

Key dates

1. c. 3000 BCThe Caral-Supe civilisation develops monumental architecture in the Norte Chico region.
2. 15th centuryThe Inca Empire expands from Cusco across much of the Andes.
3. 1532Francisco Pizarro captures the Inca ruler Atahualpa at Cajamarca.
4. 1542Spain establishes the Viceroyalty of Peru.
5. 1821Jose de San Martin proclaims Peruvian independence in Lima.
6. 1824Patriot forces defeat Spanish troops at the Battle of Ayacucho.
7. 1879The War of the Pacific begins between Chile, Peru and Bolivia.

A short overview, not a full history. Dates are given for well-documented events only.

Currency of Peru

Peru uses the Peruvian sol (PEN, S/.). Use our free currency converter to check exchange rates.

Festivals and greetings in Peru

Celebrations observed in Peru, with free greeting images and wishes you can personalise.

Day of the Dead

All greeting images for Peru · Festival calendar

Frequently asked questions

Neighbours of Peru

BoliviaSucreBrazilBrasíliaChileSantiagoColombiaBogotáEcuadorQuito

More countries in South America

ArgentinaBuenos AiresBoliviaSucreBrazilBrasíliaChileSantiagoColombiaBogotáEcuadorQuitoGuyanaGeorgetownParaguayAsunción