English advanced vocabulary: Formal & Writing
59 words with meanings and example sentences.
notwithstandingin spite of; despite something that might be expected to prevent itNotwithstanding the budget constraints, the committee approved the proposal.
ascertainto find out or discover something with certaintyThe auditors were unable to ascertain the exact cause of the discrepancy.
substantiateto provide evidence to support or prove the truth of a claimThe report failed to substantiate its central assertion with reliable data.
delineateto describe or portray something precisely, or to indicate its exact boundariesThe contract clearly delineates the responsibilities of each party.
circumventto find a way around an obstacle or difficulty, especially cleverly or illicitlyThe new regulations were designed to prevent companies from circumventing environmental standards.
pragmaticdealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerationsThe board adopted a pragmatic approach to resolving the funding shortfall.
mitigateto make something less severe, serious, or painfulSeveral measures were introduced to mitigate the impact of the policy change.
prevalentwidespread in a particular area or at a particular timeRemote working has become increasingly prevalent since the pandemic.
discernto perceive or recognize something clearly, often through careful judgmentIt can be difficult to discern the underlying motives behind such decisions.
unequivocalleaving no doubt; clear and unambiguousThe board issued an unequivocal statement condemning the practice.
corroborateto confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or findingIndependent witnesses corroborated the findings of the initial investigation.
inherentexisting as a natural or basic part of somethingThere are inherent risks in launching a product without adequate testing.
refineto improve something by making small changes over timeWe refined the proposal after getting feedback from the client.
transformto change completely in form or natureThe renovation transformed the old warehouse into a bright office space.
preserveto keep something safe from harm, decay, or changeThe committee worked to preserve the building's original character.
restoreto bring something back to its original conditionIt took months of work to restore the painting to its former state.
haltto stop, or to cause something to stopWork on the site came to a halt after the inspection findings.
proceedto continue with a course of actionOnce approval was granted, they proceeded with the next phase.
evadeto avoid something, often skilfully or deliberatelyHe evaded the question rather than giving a direct answer.
confrontto face a difficult situation or person directlyShe finally confronted the issue instead of avoiding it any longer.
guideto direct or influence someone's actions or decisionsA good mentor guides you without making every decision for you.
persuadeto convince someone to do or believe somethingIt took a while to persuade the board to approve the new budget.
inferto reach a conclusion based on evidence and reasoningFrom the tone of the email, I inferred that the deal was off.
assertto state something confidently and firmlyShe asserted her position clearly, without raising her voice.
referto direct attention to something, or to mention itPlease refer to page five for the full breakdown of costs.
exaggerateto represent something as larger, better, or worse than it really isHe tends to exaggerate how bad the traffic was, just to make a point.
underestimateto judge something as smaller, easier, or less important than it really isDon't underestimate how long this migration will actually take.
distractto draw someone's attention away from what they are doingThe notifications kept distracting him from finishing the report.
engageto involve or attract someone's interest or participationThe workshop was designed to engage even the quietest members of the team.
isolateto set something or someone apart, alone or separate from othersWe isolated the faulty component before it affected the rest of the system.
continueto keep doing something without stoppingThey decided to continue the project despite the setback.
shrinkto become or make smaller in size or amountThe department's budget shrank significantly this year.
spreadto extend over a larger area or become more widely distributedNews of the merger spread through the office within an hour.
accumulateto gather or collect something gradually over timeHe accumulated years of experience before starting his own firm.
eliminateto completely remove or get rid of somethingThe new process eliminated a whole step of manual checking.
combineto join or merge two or more things togetherThey combined the two smaller teams into one larger unit.
wisdomgood judgment built from knowledge and experienceThe committee relied on the elder members' wisdom before making the final call.
preventionthe act of stopping something from happening in advanceThe campaign focused on prevention rather than treating the disease after the fact.
enforceto make sure a law, rule, or agreement is obeyedThe new manager began enforcing the attendance policy strictly.
systematicdone according to a fixed plan or method, in an organized wayShe took a systematic approach to auditing every department one by one.
inhibitiona feeling that makes someone self-conscious or unable to act freelyAfter a few minutes on stage, he lost all his inhibition and relaxed.
controversya prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion about somethingThe new policy sparked controversy among parents and teachers alike.
guidelinesofficial instructions or advice on how something should be doneThe ministry issued fresh guidelines on food safety for street vendors.
persuasionthe act of convincing someone to do or believe somethingIt took some persuasion, but he eventually agreed to join the trip.
obstructionsomething that blocks progress or a pathA fallen tree caused an obstruction on the main highway for hours.
transitionthe process of changing from one state or stage to anotherThe transition from school to college life felt overwhelming at first.
illusiona false idea or belief, or something that appears different from realityHe was under the illusion that the deal was already finalized.
dogmatismthe tendency to state opinions as if they were undeniably true, without allowing debateHis dogmatism made it impossible to discuss any alternative approach.
secrecythe practice of keeping something hidden or confidentialThe negotiations were conducted in complete secrecy until the deal closed.
solitudethe state of being alone, often by choice and without lonelinessShe valued the solitude of early mornings before the house woke up.
restraintself-control that keeps a person from acting on every impulseIt took real restraint not to reply to the rude email right away.
enlightento give someone greater knowledge or understanding about somethingThe documentary aimed to enlighten viewers about the region's history.
claritythe quality of being clear and easy to understandHer explanation brought sudden clarity to a problem that had confused everyone.
biasan unfair preference for or against something, which affects judgmentThe reviewer tried to set aside personal bias while judging the contest.
nexusa strong connection or link between people, ideas, or thingsThere's a clear nexus between the two companies' founding teams.
instigateto stir up or bring about an action or feeling, especially troubleThe rumor seemed designed to instigate a fight between the two families.
bickerto argue about small, unimportant things, often repeatedlyThe siblings bickered over who got the last seat in the car.
misinterpretto understand something incorrectly, drawing the wrong meaning from itHe misinterpreted her silence as agreement.
notorietythe state of being famous for something bad or unfavorableThe scandal brought the company an unwanted notoriety.
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